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Mindscapes and Landscapes: The Extended Mind

It’s been ten years since a snappy and provocative paper by Andy Clark and David Chalmers (1998) audaciously burst upon the philosophical scene. Given that the paper had been rejected three years earlier by three major journals (Chalmers 2008, 42), it must surely have come as an enormous surprise to the authors that a veritable…

Stigmergic Epistemology, Stigmergic Cognition

A co-authored paper with Chris Onof, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London and School of Philosophy, Birkbeck College London. A pre-press version is available for download here. Final to appear in Cognitive Systems Research Special Issue. Abstract: To know is to cognize, to cognize is to be a culturally bounded, rationality-bounded and environmentally located agent. Knowledge and cognition…

Polybius, Tyche and Causality in Historical Explanation

[Note: There are some formatting issues that still need to be attended to]  Polybius believes that the historian’s task is to identify the causes of past events, making these events intelligible and therefore functional to an educative (practical and moral) purpose. This conception of historical activity has to a great degree informed historical thinking ever…