Born on this day in 1912. Andrew Hodges’ Turing page. See his Stanford entry as well.
Coherence with concept and algorithm
A network bridge which connects multiple points on ground and a subway station. The circulation, structure and enclosure are based on stigmergy algorithm operated on three different scales.
Arguments based on stigmergy
Articulation of materialization is achieved by orienting components to structure and enclosure “pheromone”. The components gradually change size and color from structure to enclosure, forming a solid entity.

A few months ago I came across the work of architectural student Yang Chenghan. It’s amazing that I have not come across any other architects deploying stigmergic algorithms – one would think that the concept would be part and part of an architect’s conceptual toolbox. Good for Yang – I’d imagine this guy has a bright career ahead of him. Here are some new images of what he terms a stigmergic bridge.
Check out this new paper from Swarm Intelligence.
Check out this installation supported by the Welcome Trust.
People walking along Euston Road will encounter an unusually arresting reflection of themselves in a new light installation, ‘Reflex’, created by rAndom International.
The work inhabits the windows of the Wellcome Trust as though it were a living organism. Reacting to viewers, passers-by and traffic on Euston Road, ‘Reflex’ produces mesmerising flows of light, inviting a physical response to the building.
The installation’s swarming behaviour is based on an algorithm developed to emulate the collective decision making that we see in large groups of creatures such as birds or ants.
The work is constructed from hundreds of brass rods and thousands of LEDs arranged on small custom chips. Their movement is based on programmes that aim to simulate complex natural phenomena. ‘Reflex’ recreates “stigmergy”, whereby traces left by random actions stimulate further actions that build on one another, leading to the spontaneous emergence of apparently patterned activity. rAndom’s work allows for error, experimentation and unpredictability, and ‘Reflex’ encourages its viewers to see how they can influence the work.
Rumelhart was enormously important in the 1980s in reviving this neural network approach to language and cognition
Steven Pinker
Here are some terrific stigmergic simulations by architectural student Yang Chenghan that I chanced across:
The first is a 3D simulation deploying 45-70 agents (source code)
The second a 2D simulation deploying 20-30 agents (source code)
Here are some great synthetic stigmergic stills Yang has created.


Here’s a snappy piece by Alva Noë on man vs. machine.
Is the ant smart? Or stupid? Maybe neither. Or, most intriguingly of all, maybe it is both? Is there an experimentum crucis that we might perform to settle a question like this once and for all?
No. Intelligence isn’t like that. It isn’t something that happens inside the bug, or inside us. If intelligence is anything, it is an appropriate and autonomous responsiveness to the world around us. Flexible, real-time sensitivity to actual situations is what we have in mind when we talk about intelligence. And this means that intelligence is always going to be not just a matter of degree, but one of interpretation.
Here’s a nice poster from Janet Marsden at Syracuse:
Abstract — Geospatial technologies in conjunction with wireless grids will offer a context for locating and coordinating team activities in such a way that the nature of each team member’s effort may be known and understood by other members. This constructed group knowledge enables teams to respond to unforeseen and emergent contingencies and act in concert through the active interpretation of shared artifacts alone without prior planning and coordination. Stigmergic or sematectonic coordination refers to how an individual behaves as part of a collaborative team engaged in a complex task, such as emergency response (i.e. where the task is of such complexity that a coordinated team effort is required to accomplish it). Human stigmergic coordination emerges on the basis of how tasks and goals are structured and understood between the members of the team. Geographically coded information, generated and shared dynamically, gives teams maps of each others’ activities, plus remotely sensed data. The major function of the geospatial technology repository and interface is to provide dynamic knowledge of group activities in real time. Environmental changes reveal new dependencies for adaptive collaboration as conditions on the ground evolve, enabling participants to track the evolution of each other’s work and mutually adjust to it in a timely manner.
Index Terms — geospatial technology, virtual collaboration, wireless grids, complex systems, situation management.